Traditional farming methods heavily rely on synthetic fungicides to fight off destructive fungal infections.
Unfortunately, these chemical solutions carry several drawbacks, including the risk of fungi developing resistance and the negative effects on both human health and the environment.
To offer a greener alternative, a dedicated group of researchers from the University of Neuchâtel, HE-Arc Ingénierie, and FiBL are partnering on an innovative project called Enhance, which investigates the potential of microencapsulated microorganisms to specifically target harmful fungal diseases.
Impact of Fungal Pathogens
Fungal pathogens are significant culprits in the global agricultural landscape, accounting for roughly 13 percent of crop losses every year.
While conventional treatments involving synthetic fungicides have been the norm, rising consumer preferences for pesticide-free products, coupled with the associated downsides, are pushing the industry toward more sustainable and innovative control strategies.
Supported by a CHF 1.9 million grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Enhance initiative will embark on a four-year research journey commencing in January 2025.
Innovative Delivery Method
This research primarily aims to counteract the damage caused by *Rhizoctonia solani*, a detrimental fungus that attacks crops like lettuce and endive, leading to a condition known as bottom rot, which can decimate entire yields.
Over the project’s lifetime, the team will also focus on other diseases, carefully selecting targets based on consultations with farmers to ensure they address real agricultural issues.
The approach to combat these pathogens hinges on identifying a powerful blend of beneficial bacteria.
A breakthrough method involves leveraging natural fungal networks, or hyphae, that act as channels for transporting these beneficial bacteria.
These mycelial structures allow bacteria to effectively traverse the soil to the plant roots that need protection.
By tapping into this inherent system, the beneficial bacteria can reach their targets efficiently.
Field Testing and Evaluation
After selecting the appropriate beneficial bacteria, the researchers will encapsulate them with the fungal networks within protective microcapsules.
This innovative design not only ensures the bacteria remain viable before being used but also facilitates precise delivery to the desired ecological environment.
When the microcapsules are deployed into the soil, they will gradually break down.
This breakdown process allows the fungal hyphae to grow and guide the beneficial bacteria directly to the plant roots.
As the project progresses, the next step will involve rigorous field testing of these microcapsules and the effective fungal-bacterial combinations.
Leading this practical phase is soil scientist Natacha Bodenhausen, collaborating with experts from the Office Technique Maraîcher (OTM) consultancy and the Fondation rurale interjurassienne (FRI).
Comprehensive evaluations will assess the efficiency and ecological consequences of the newly crafted biofungicides through pot experiments and real-world field trials.
In essence, the Enhance project aims to redefine how farmers can protect their crops while preserving the delicate balance of ecosystems, promoting a healthier agricultural future that resonates well with both nature and consumers.
Source: Bioecoactual